On May 5, 2017, hackers launched a coordinated cyberattack targeting the frontrunner of the French presidential race, Emmanuel Macron, two days before the election. The hackers released online tens of thousands of Macron campaign documents and emails, some of which were forged. The attack came a month after a cybersecurity firm warned that Macron was a target of Russian military intelligence agency (GRU)-connected Fancy Bear, or APT28. Cybersecurity research firms Trend Micro and Flashpoint linked the attack to Fancy Bear. The European Union Institute for Security Studies reported that the operation failed to significantly influence voters, in particular because of the resilience of the media and civil society in France.