In February 2023, a Russia-based hacking group calling itself “Anonymous Sudan” took responsibility for a series of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on Swedish airports, hospitals, and banks. These cyberattacks disrupted online programming at Sweden’s national public broadcaster and the websites of Scandinavian Airlines, the state-owned power company Vattenfall, and the defense firm Saab AB. Truesec, one of Sweden’s biggest cybersecurity firms, provided evidence that the group is not Islamist but a well-organized unit of Russian hackers. Truesec was unable to determine whether the group consisted of Russian government employees or pro-Russia hackers. Katarzyna Zysk, a professor of international relations at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, said that the hackers’ timing, targets, and in-depth knowledge of Swedish politics points to Russian intelligence service involvement. Anonymous Sudan continues to claim to be a Sudanese hacktivist group and assert that its attacks on Sweden were prompted by the burning of a Koran in Stockholm.