In November 2023, around one month after the October 7 attacks by Hamas in Israel, French authorities arrested four people suspected of painting almost 250 blue Stars of David across Paris. The subsequent investigation revealed that the graffiti was part of a Russian destabilization attempt to raise tensions between the large Jewish and Muslim communities in the city. The French governmental agency Viginum, which is tasked with monitoring foreign information manipulation attempts, found that bots affiliated with the Russian network Doppelganger were using the platform X, formerly known as Twitter, to fuel controversy regarding the paintings. In February 2024, France’s domestic intelligence agency assessed that the FSB’s fifth division that focuses on international operations was behind the destabilization attempt. Media reports also commented that the operation echoed a 1950s KGB operation that posted antisemitic slogans and swastikas throughout West Germany to mimic Nazi sentiment.