Grzegorz Małecki, the former head of Poland’s Foreign Intelligence Agency (AW) confirmed that the May 2019 bomb threats against almost 700 Polish schools was the work of the Russian military intelligence service GRU, and that servers related to the threats originated in Saint Petersburg. The threats were made during Poland’s annual matura school exams. Małecki said the attacks were meant to test Poland’s cyberdefense systems and “to cause chaos in key institutions in the state,” in this case university admissions systems.