In 2008, the Institute of Democracy and Cooperation, a pro-Russia think tank headed by former Duma deputy Natalya Narochnitskaya, opened in Paris. According to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, the organization “toes a blatantly pro-Kremlin line.” The institute’s director of studies, John Laughland, told Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty that its financing comes from “the Foundation for Historical Outlook in Moscow, which in turn is financed by unspecified private Russian companies.”