In a February 2024 report, the French governmental agency Viginum, which is tasked with monitoring foreign information manipulation attempts, revealed a pro-Russian propaganda network that it dubbed “Portal Kombat”. The network originally covered Russian and Ukrainian news for Russian-speaking audiences, but shifted its focus to Ukrainian and Western audiences, particularly in France, after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. They did not produce any original content but rather used automation and search engine optimization to amplify posts from pro-Russian public figures in Europe, Russian news agencies, and official communications of the Russian government. Portal Kombat promoted false or misleading information about Russia’s war in Ukraine, denigrated Ukrainian leadership, and criticized Western governments supporting Kyiv. The Viginum report highlighted the central role of Crimea-based, Russian web development company TigerWeb in the creation and administration of the network sites. According to Viginum, Portal Kombat met “the criteria for foreign digital interference” and shared significant technical similarities to the Inforos network, which is under EU sanctions and assessed by the United States to be under GRU administration.