The Czech Republic’s National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NUKIB) officially warned critical and strategic infrastructure administrators, both in the public and private sectors, that the use of Huawei and ZTE technology poses a security threat to their networks. The director of NUKIB, Duvan Navratil, wrote in a statement that PRC law “requires private companies residing in China to cooperate with intelligence services,” stipulating that the inclusion of these companies into Czech systems could present national security challenges. While the agency’s warning did not constitute a ban, it legally required 160 operators of critical infrastructure in the Czech Republic to begin risk analyses and act in accordance with their findings. As a result of the warning, Huawei was excluded from a Czech tender to build a new online tax portal. The warning also calls into question a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between Huawei and Czech investment company PPF Group, which controls a number of Eastern European telecom operators, to begin testing 5G networks across the region. Under PRC law, Huawei is obligated to participate in national intelligence work, has been credibly accused of cooperation with PRC intelligence agencies, and is owned ultimately by a trade union entity likely controlled by the CCP.