European Union officials have accused Russia of promoting disinformation relating to the coronavirus pandemic and EU responses since January 2020. Belgium’s intelligence service issued an April report warning of Russian narratives spreading false content, and Josep Borrell suggested Russian narratives denigrating European efforts were meant to elevate Russia’s vaccine efforts. Pro-Kremlin outlets such as RT and Sputnik have falsely claimed that only Russia offered aid to affected countries, and have also spread a variety of conspiracy theories alleging that Western entities created the virus.