Chinese state-run Tsinghua and Southeast Universities have entered into research partnerships with Trinity College Dublin, University College Cork, and University College Dublin. The research partnerships are in drone technology and artificial intelligence. Experts fear that this research could be used to further monitor and oppress political opponents and the ethnic minorities in China. Both of these subjects are dual use and, with the Chinese partner institutions being state-run, any new intellectual property produced by the partnerships can be commandeered by the PLA. Furthermore, both the Chinese universities have a history of cybercrime and espionage. In 2015, software from Southeast University was tied back to Chinese state-affiliated hacking group AFT17. In addition, a 2018 report by cybersecurity company Recorded Future accused Tsinghua university of cyber-attacks on governments, international organizations, and NGOs after the IP addresses of the attackers linked back to the university.